Internal-combustion engine



Feb. 1.7, 1925.

1,526,574 H. c. vERHEY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGIINE Filed March 51, 1920 A TTORIEY larly Patented Feb. 17, 1925.

UNiTED STATES HUBERT C. VEBHEY, 0F OCEAN GITY,'NEW JERSEY.

.INTERNAL-communie ENGINE.

Application led Hai-oh 31, 1920. Serial No. 870,076.

To al whom t may concern:

Be vit known that I, HBERT C. VEnHEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ocean City, in the county of Cape May and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines and particuto oil burning engines known as the Diesel type of engines.

The main Aobject of my invention is to make various improvements in the cylinder construction of the engine to overcome the difliculties heretofore experienced in constructing a cylinder which will withstand the heat of combustion with-out cracking; a further object of my invention is to provide a novel lform of cylinder liner, which will be free to expand and contact, at the main working end of the cylinder, due to extreme changes in temperature; a further object of my invention is to construct a cylinder'liead having novel means for securing it to the cylinder casing or cooling jacket, which construction will permit the cylinder head, and also the cylinder liner, to have radial flexibility, while transmitting the load, applied at thel main working end of the cylinder, to the cylinder casing or cooling jacket; A a still further object of .my invention is to provide means for insuring the register of the the cylinder liner and the cylinder head upon the said casing, instead of on the cylinder liner as heretofore applied; a still further objectA of my invention is to construct the cylinder head with a novel form of cooling arrangement for directing the cooling agent to the hottest' part of the cylinder head first and for insuring the proper distribution of the cooling agent throughout the cylinder head cooling chamber, by constructing the cylinder head with a dome shaped surface tending to improve the 'circulation therein and by guiding the cooling agent towards the outlet, or outlets, formed in the top of the cylinder head cooling chamber; a still further object of my invention is to construct the cylinder head with the various valve-cage bosses extending parallel with the length of the cylinder and extending in line with the direction of forces applied by the working load in the cylinder against the cylinder head with an individual cooling jacket at the,

working end thereof, which will extend as close as possible to the said working end and `thus insure free and unobstructed circulation of the cooling agent around the hottest part of the liner; and a still further object of my invention is to provide a cylinder casing or cooling jacket, particularly adapted for transmitting the working load from the cylinder head to the engine frame, by providing connections or bosses to reinforce the said casing at the exhaust gas duct, which bosses are cored and utilized as connecting passa eways for the cooling agent and add to t e proper circulation of the cooling agent.

- Referring to the accompanying drawing, Fig: 1, is a central vertical section of an engine cylinder and the fuel valve sleeve and cooling agent conveyer, as on line 1-1, Fig. 4; Fig. 2, is a vertical section of my improved cylinder, showing the cylinder liner partially in full lines, as on line 2--2, Fig. 3; Fig. 3, is a horizontal section through the cylinder head and fuel valve sleeve and cooling agent conveyer, as cn line 33, Fig. 2; Fig. 4, is a horizontal section on line 4 4, Fig. l; Fig. 5, is an enlarged horizontal section of the fuel valve sleeve and cooling agent conveyer, as on line 5-5, Fig. 1; Fig. 6, is a plan view of the cylinder head with the fuel valve sleeve and cooling water conveyer removed; and Fig. 7, is a horizontal section of the cylinder -liner detached, as on line 7-7, Fig. 2.

Referring tothe drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts, 1 represents the cylinder of an en ine and comprises the cylinder casing 2, t e cylinder head 3 and the cylinder liner 4.

The cylinder casing 2 forms a supporting member for the cylinder head 3 and the liner 4. When used on a vertical engine the casing 2 is supported upon a frame 5, only a portion of which is shown in the drawings. The casing 2, forms a water jacket with a cooling chamber 7 surrounding the cylinder liner 4, and said casing 2 has an exhaust manifold 8 included therein which embraces the central portion of the liner 4 having the exhaust ports 9 formed through the said liner 4. The casing 2 consists of the outer wall which is provided at its ends with facing flanges 12 rnd 13.

The facing flange 12 is provlded for securing the casing 2 to the frame 5, and the facing flange 13 is provided. for securing the cylinder head 3 to the cas1ng 2 and for clamping the liner 4 in position:

The -working end of the cylinder hner 4 Which is the upper end, as shown in the drawings, is closed b the disk 15, which forms part of the cyllnder head 3, and the lcylinder headis also provided with .a tubular extension 16 which forms a cylindrical chamber adapted' to embrace the working end of the liner 4.

The said tubular extension 16 of the cyl- .inder head 3 is provided with an annular facing flange18 which is adapted to be secured, by fastening devices 19, to the facing flange 13 of the casing 2. The outer surface of the tubular extension 16 1s provided with radial reinforcing ribs 20, as saidtubular extension 16 takes the working load on the cylinder head disk 15.

The said tubular extension 16 is of suiicient length between the disk 15 and the facing flange 18, so that the disk 15 will be ositioned a substantial distance from the facing ange 18, which flange forms the point of rigid connection with the casing 2, to permit the metal of the tubular extension 16 to yield radially, due to expansion and contraction from changes in temperature, caused by the great heat of combustion, in the working end of the cylinder, thus permitting the cylinder head disk 15 to expand and contract as it is not rigidlybolted directly to a iixed and unyieldable part, butis carried by the said tubular extension 16 containing sufficient length of metal to permit it to yield and take care of the expansion and contraction of the metal in the cylinder head and also in the cylinder head ti htl disk and thus eliminate the possibility of the parts cracking.

The cylinder liner 4 is made in the form of a cylinder having an outer cylindrical.

member 22 formed thereon at the workingr end of the liner. The saidcylindrical memlber 22 forms a shoulder 23 adapted to lit against the end of the casing 2 and said member 22 is of sufiicient length to extend beyond the end of the casing 2 and occupy the portion of the cylinder head formed by the tubular extension 16, so that the disk portion 15 of thecylinder head will close the end of the liner 4 and the said tubular extension. 16 will embrace the -member 22 of the liner 4. By means of the fastening devices 19, which engage the annular flanges 18 and 13 on the c linder head 3 and the casing 2, respective y, theliner 4 may be clamped between the disk 15 of the cy in 'er head and the end of the casing 2, and the facing surface 17 provided upon mesma the said disk 15 will be 'thus tightly seated upon the end of the liner 4.

The registering of the liner 4 within the casing 2 1s insured by means of the circular groot, or recess 25, formed in the end of the casing 2, into which ts the cylindrical facing 26, formed on the member 22, and holds the liner 4 in proper alignment within the casing. The opposite end of the liner 4 is provided with a cylindrical facing surface 27, which registers with the cylindrical openings 29 and 30 formed in the portion 12 of the casing 2 and the adjacent portion of the frame 5. The central portion of the liner 4 is also provided with cylindrical facin surfaces 32 and 33 which fit into the cylin rical opening 34 formed through the exhaust manifold 8 of the casing 2, which will be hereinafter more fully described.

The cylinder head 3 is held in alignment and made to register with the liner 4 by means of the said cylindrical facing surface 26 formed upon the said cylindrical member 22 of the liner 4, which surface 26 extends a suiicient distance from the end ofthe casing 2 to receive the cylindrical facing surface 36 formed within the tubular extension 16 of the cylinder head 3.

The working end of the liner 4 is cored to form a cooling jacket 38 between the main portion of the liner 4 and the said cylindrical member 22 forming part of the liner.

Said coolingjacket 38 extends nearly to the' which is subjected to the greatest amountv of heat. Said cooling jacket 38 in the liner registers with the cooling jacket 7 of the casing 2, so that the cooling agent may circulate freely from the inlet pipe 42 in the lower portion of the casing 2 and pass out through the outlet pipe 43 located in the upper portion of the cooling jacket of the liner 4.

It will be seen, that the working end of the liner 4 and the cylinder-head disk 15 may expand and contract radially and that the tubular extension 16 of the cylinder head 3 and the cylindrical member 22 of the liner 4 are of suiiicient length and contain a snlicient amount of yieldable metal above the face of the casing 2, to which the parts are rigidly bolted, to permit the parts to Lucana casing 2 and consists of the annular walls 45 and. 46 having cylindrical flanges 47 and 48 with concentric openings 34 formed therethrough to receive the facing surfaces 32 and 33 formed upon the enlarged cylindrical portionof the liner 4. Said annular walls 45 and 46 are connected by a longitudinal Wall 49 which is eccentric with the liner 4, as shown in Fig. 4; thus forming an exhaust chamber 50 surrounding the liner 4 and connecting the exhaust ports 9, formed in the liner, with the exhaust outlet passage 51 formed in the casing 2. The exhaustmanifold 8 is connected with the outer wall 10 of the casing 2 by radial ribs 52, as shovm in Figs. 1, 2 and 4.

The exhaust manifold 8 is provided with hollow bosses 54, to strengthen 'the casing 2. Said bosses 54 extend between the walls 45 and 46 of the casing 2and are located in the larger portion of the exhaust chamber 50, as shown in Fi 4, and help to carry the working load, W ich is distributed through the casing 2, from the cylinder head 3,'to the frame 5. Said bosses are made hollow for the free circulation of the cooling agent through them and they thus form part of the cooling jacket 7 of the casing 2 formed between the outer surface of the liner 4 and the Wall 10 of the casing and between the `wa`ll 49 of the exhaust manifold 8 and the said wall 10 of the casing,

The liner 4 is provided with the. above mentioned enlarged central portion 32 and 33 which extends through the exhaust manifold 8, and said central portion of the liner, between each of the exhaust ports 9, is provided with a cored passage 56 for the free circulation of the cooling agent.

The cylinder head 3 is constructed with a dome-shaped outer wall 60 which forms a.

cooling chamber 61, between the above mentioned disk 15 and said dome-shaped Wall 60. At the highest point in the dome-shaped wall 60 is provided an aperture 62 for the cooling agent conveyer 63 adapted to direct the cooling agent to the hottest portion of the disk 15 and distribute the cooling agent over the entire surface 4of `said disk. The

dome-shaped` wall 60 directs the coolin agent to the outlet formed around the sai cooling agent conveyer 63 at the furthest point from the disk 15.

The cooling agent conveyer 63 is preferably made to form a runit with the fuel valve 65 (the fuel valve not being shown in the drawing). The -fuel valve sleeve 65 extends through the dome-shaped wall 60 and its inner end fits into a seat formed around the fuel inlet opening 66 formed in the disk 15. The cooling agent conveyer 63 consists of a larger sleeve 67, which surrounds the fuel valve sleeve 65,

and is provided with a bellfshaped flange 68 at its end adjacent to the disk 15, and located a sufiicient distance from the disk to permit the cooling agent to be directed against the disk and around the fuel valve sleeve 65. 1 The fuel valve sleeve 65 and cooling agent conveyer sleeve 67 are formed upon a manifold-head 70. Said head 70 also is rovided with a cylindrical wall 71 which lirts into the opening 62 formed in the dome-shaped Wall 60 and said Wall 71 forms an annular outlet passage 72 for the cooling agent leading to the outlet pipe 7 3 connected with the said head 70. The inlet pipe 48 for the cooling agent is connected with a boss 75 in the head 70 through which boss a passage is formed communicating with thev space formed within the coolingagent conveyer 67 and surrounding the fuel valve sleeve 65. It will be seen that by this novel arrangement the cooling agent enters the cylinder head through the inlet pipe 43, passes through the cooling agent conveyer 67 which surrounds and cools the fuel valve sleeve 65 'and directs the cooling agent directly upon the disk 15, ovei` which it is distributed radially and circulates throughout the entire cooling chamber 61 of the cylinder head.

rIhe cylinder head is constructed with the valve-cage bosses 76 (the valve cages being omitted from the drawing), for the admis sion of air to the cylinder. The valve-cage bosses 76 are cored in the cylinder head casting and extend through the cooling chamber 61 in a line parallel With the length of the cylinder and thus reinforce the cylinder.. head 8 and help to resist the forces applied, by the Working load in the cylinder, against the disk 15, to which latter the bosses are directly. connected and are held under compression durin the Working load in the cylinder. By t isconstruction I eliminate all side inlet and outlet connections through the cooling chamber of the cylinder head, which said side inlet and outlet connections frequently crack due to the compression forces being applied at right angles to the length of the bosses forming the side connections through the cylinder head.

Having thus described my invention, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. An engine cylinder comprisinga casing, a`liner mounted within the casing and having the working end of the liner extending a substantial distance beyond the end of the casing to permit the Working end of the liner to have suiicient flexibility for radial expansion and contraction, a cylinder head having a disk adapted tro rest against and close the end of the liner, a tubular extension formed upon the cylinder head adapted to embrace the working end of the liner, and fastening devices forsecuring said extension of the head upon the end of the casing.

2. An engine cylinder comprising a casing, a cylinder liner mounted within the casing and 'having the working end thereof extending a substantial distance beyond the end of the casing, said extension having a chamber formed therein adapted to contain a cooling agent, a cylinder head ada ted to close the working end of the liner poslt-ioned upon the extreme end surface of the liner and adapted to expand radially thereon, fastening devices for securing the cylinder head to the end of the casing, and said fastening devices being positioned outside of and free from said extension of the liner.

3. An engine cylinder comprising a casing, a cylinder liner mounted within the casing and having the Working end thereof extending a substantial distance beyond the end of the casing, said extension having a chamber formed therein adapted to contain acooling agent, a cylinder-head having a' disk adapted to be clamped against thel end surface of the liner and adapted to expand radially thereon, said extension upon the liner having a solid Wall adapted to seall said chamber formed therein at the end of the liner adjacent to said disk, and fastening devices adapted for securing the cylinder head to thecasing positioned outside of and free from the extension of the liner.

4,'An` engine cylinder comprising a casing, -a cylinder liner mounted Within the casing and having the working end thereof extendinga substantial distance beyond the end ofthe casing, said extension having a chamber formed therein adapted to contain a cooling agent, a shoulder upon the liner v adapted to rest against the end of the casing, said casing forming a cooling `agent cham- 40 ber surrounding a portion ofthe liner 'and communicating `with the extension of the liner forming said chamber within said extension, a cylinder head having a seat upon the end of the extension of the liner and a flange upon thecylinder head adapted to be clamped against the end of the casing in spaced relation thereto and adapted to form an open joint between the cylinder yhead flange and vthe .end of the casing for the escape of leakage "of, the cooling agent and combustion gases. Y

5. An engine cylinder comprising a casing, a cylinder liner mounted within the casing and having' one end thereof extend- 5 ing a substantial distance beyond th L.end of the casing, an outer cylindrical member formed upon the said end of the liner and extending between the said end 'of the liner and the end of the casing, said cylindrical member of theliner forming a 'shoulder at its inner end adapted to bear against the end of the casing, a cylinder head adapted to close thev said end of the liner, a tubular extension formed upon the cylinder head 55 adapted to embrace the end of the cylinder liner, and fastening devices for clamping the tubular extension of the. cylinder head to the end of the casing.

6. lAn engine cylinder comprising a casing, a cylinder liner mounted within the casing and having one end thereof extending a, substantial distance beyond the end of the casing, an outer c lindrical member formed upon the end of t e liner extending beyond the end of the casing, said liner having an annular space formed therein between the main portlon thereof and the said cylindrical member thereof for the circulation of a coolino' agent around the portion of the liner exten( ing beyond the casin a cylinder head adapted to close the'en of the liner, a tubular extension formed upon the cylinder head adapted to embrace the portion of the liner extending beyond the casing, and fastening devices for clamping the tubular l extension of the cylinder head to the end of the casing.

7. An engine cylinder comprising a casing, a cylinder liner mounted within the casing and having one end thereof extending a substantial distance beyond the end of the casing, an outer cylindrical member formed upon the end of the liner extending beyond the end of the casing, said liner' having an annular space formed therein between the main portion thereof and the said cylindrical member thereof forming a cooling agent jacket,` said outer cylindrical meniber ofthe liner forming a shoulder adapted to bear against-the end ofthe casing, reinforcing bosses connecting the main portion of the liner with the outer cylindrical member thereof, said bosses located adjacent to the said shoulder, a cylinder head adapted to embrace the end of the liner extending 4be` yond the casing, and means for'securing the cylinder head to the casing.

8. An engine cylinder comprising a casing, a cylinder liner mounted within the casing and having one end thereof extending a substantial distance beyond the end of the casing, an outer cylindrical member formed upon the end of the liner extending beyond the end of the casing, a. cooling agent jacket formed in' the liner between the main portion thereof and the said outer cylindrical member thereof, said outer cylindrical member ofthe liner adapted to rest against the end of the casing, cooling agent jacket between the liner and the wall of the casing and adapted to register with the said annular cooling agent jacket of the liner extending beyond the end of the casing, a cylinder head adapted to close the end of the liner, and a tubular extension upon the cylinder'head adapted to embrace the end of the liner and secure the liner to the casing. v

9. An engine cylinder comprising a casing, a cylinder liner mounted within the cassaid casing forming a upon the end of the liner extending beyond the end of thecasing, said cylindrical member forming a shoulder adapted to register with and rest against the end of the casing,

a cylinder head having a disk to close the end of the liner, a tubular extension upon the cylinder headadapted to embrace the end of the cylinder liner. an annular flange upon the end of the said tubular extension for securing the cylinder head to the casing and for clamping the liner upon the casing, and said tubular extension'of the cylinder head and the said cylindrical member f the liner having sufficient length of material extending beyond the end of the casing to permit of radial flexibilityof the liner and cylinder head. j

10. An engine comprising a casing. a liner mounted within the casing and having the working end free from contact with the casing whereby the liner at the hottest part thereof is free to expand and contract radially, a facing surface formed upon the said end of the liner, a hea-d having a facing surface adapted to be positioned against the said facing surface of the liner. and close the working ,end of the liner. and fastening devices for securing the head to the casing on a plane located a substantial distance from the plane of contact vwith the end of the liner to permit the head to yield radially in the plane where the head impinges against the end of the liner.

11. An engine having a cylinder and a cylinder head. said cylinder head comprising a disk adapted to close the end of the cylinder, an outer wall in the cylinder head forming la chamber for a cooling agent between said outer wall and said disk. a detach able fuel valvesleeve extending through an aperture formed in said outer wall and communicating with an aperture formed in said disk, a supply pipe surrounding the fuel valve sleeve for conveying a cooling agent throughout the length of said sleeve, said supply pipe having its inner end positioned in spaced relation to the disk thus forming an annular orificefor radially distrihut-ingthe cooling agent over the disk` and said outer wall having -an outlet 'oassage-way formed therein for the cooling agent. said outlet passage-wav positioned in the outer'wall adjacent to the supply pipe.

12. An engine having a cylinder and a cyll inder head, said cylinder head comprising a disk adapted to close th/.e cylinder, a dome shaped outer wall joined to the periphery of the disk and forming a chamber for a cooling agent, a fuel valve sleeve extending through an aperture formed in the dome shaped Wall and communicating with an aperture formed in the disk, a cooling agent supply pipe surrounding the fuell valve sleeve having its inner end terminating adjacent to the disk to form an annular orifice surrounding the fuel valve sleeve through which the cooling agent may be forced radially over the surface of the disk towards the curved sides of the dome shaped wall, said dome shaped wall having an outlet formed therein adjacent to the supply pipe towards which outlet the curved dome shaped wall directs the cooling agent and guides it to said outlet.

13. An engine having a cylinder and a cylinder head, said cylinder head comprisingadisk adapted to close the cylinder, a dome shaped outer wall joined to the periphery of the disk and forming a chamber for a cooling agent, a fuel valve sleeve extending through an aperture formed in the dome shaped wall and communicating with an aperture formed in the disk, a cooling agent supply pipe surrounding the fuel valve sleeve having its inner end terminating adjacent to the disk to form an annular orifice surrounding the fuel valve sleeve through which the cooling agent may be forced radially over the surface of the disk towards the curved sides of the dome shaped wall. an outlet pipe concentrically mounted in relation to the supply pipe and to the fuel valve sleeve. said outlet pipe forming an annular discharge outlet for the cooling agent from the said chamber.

14. An engine comprising a cylinder forming a combustion space. a cylinder head havjacket, adisk portion'in the cylinder head separating the said chamber from said combustion space. a fuel valve sleeve extending through the chamber of the cylinder head. a larger sleeve embracing the fuel valve sleeve forming a cooling agent conyeyer around the fuel valve sleeve and extending adjacent to said disk. a manifold-head carrying lthe fuel valve sleeve and the said larger sleeve. said manifold-head adapted to be detachably secured to the cylinder head. and said manifold-head having inlet and outlet passages formed therein for the circulation of the cooling agent through the cylinder head chamber.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

HUBERT C. VERHEY. 

